Performance analysis of gesnsigesn quantum well infrared. In order to be used for infrared detection, the parameters of the quantum wells in the quantum well infrared photodetector are adjusted so that the energy difference between its first and second quantized states match the incoming. In qwip the absorption occurs when the carriers jump from ground state to excited state either in conduction band or valence band. We discuss the terahertz to near infrared thztonir optical upconversion.
We report on the design and simulated performance of quantum well photodetectors for the terahertz 1 10 thz or the veryfar infrared region. The terahertz thz region of electromagnetic spectrum see fig. Based on multiple quantum wells, we design a pumping detection quantum cascade structure for the detection of terahertz thz radiation. Pdf terahertz range quantum well infrared photodetector. P blockedimpurityband photodetectors for far infrared and terahertz radiation detection kaisheng liao, ning li, xihui liu, liang huang, qiaoyu.
We report work on several quantum structure based infrared detectors. The quantum well infrared photodetector qwip is a semiconductor infrared photon. So far, the king of infrared detectors has been the hgcdte intrinsic photodetector mct. Reflection imaging with terahertz quantumcascade laser.
Osa frequency comb generation in terahertz quantum. Dark current determines the signalnoise ratio of detectors. Owing to the resonant nature of the interaction between metamaterial and incident light and the field enhancement in the vicinity of the metal structure, the coupling efficiency of this method is very high and the energy conversion ratio from. Optical properties of metaldielectricmetal microcavities in the thz. The terahertz tera 10 12 or thz region of the electromagnetic spectrum is between radiomicrowaves and far infrared. A quantum well infrared photodetector qwip is an infrared photodetector, which uses electronic intersubband transitions in quantum wells to absorb photons. We present a method of coupling freespace terahertz radiation to intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells using an array of metaatoms. Currently, various incoherent detection methods, such as bolometer, and several coherent detection methods, such as terahertz timedomain spectroscopy thz tds, are well developed and are. While this spectral region has been historically difficult because of low power sources and inefficient detectors, technological advances in recent decades have allowed new applications. Thz spectrum or the very far infrared region has been slow mainly because of the lack of convenient detectors. Compared with the 45degree facet sample, the peak responsivity of this gratingcoupled detector is enhanced by over. We report the fast detection of terahertz light generated from an electricallypump terahertz quantum cascade laser lasing at 4.
Temperature broadband detection from infrared to terahertz with antenna. In the structure, carriers are first pumped by a mid infrared mir laser to an excited state, to get enough energy space for the following fast longitudinal optical lo phonon extraction. The idea of utilizing a quantum well for infrared detection was first presented by esaki. Pdf terahertz imaging with quantumwell photodetectors. Responsivity of quantum well infrared photodetectors at. Fast detector of the ellipticity of infrared and terahertz. Being designed for zero bias operation, this device profits from a relatively low dark current. Integrated black phosphorus photoconductor lin wang national laboratory for infrared physics, shanghai institute of technical physics, chinese academy of sciences, 500 yutian road, shanghai, 200083 p. An important intrinsic property of intersubband isb quantum well infrared photodetectors. Infrared and terahertz detectors, third edition 3rd. The thz qwp possessing high sensitivity at thz frequency band 0.
Optimization of terahertz absorption in periodic quantum. The elements respectively utilise the circular photogalvanic effect in a. We report on recent measurements on gaasalgaas thz quantum well infrared photodetectors qwips, investigating linewidth broadening as function of doping level. Microelectronics and nanometer structures may 1998 volume 16, issue 3, pp. Reflected terahertz imaging of a logo on a universal serial bus usb flash disk is demonstrated. Over the last few decades researchers have been attracted by the physical properties and prospective applications of quantum well infrared photodetector qwip in optical communication, medical imaging, spectroscopic sensing, security. Introduction in the electromagnetic spectrum, the terahertz thz frequency range spans from 0.
The design, fabrication, and characterization of terahertz thz quantum well photodetectors with onedimensional reflectiongrating coupler are presented. The terahertz thz part of the electromagnetic spectrum promises a wide range of new and novel, some may be disruptive, applications. Within the lophonon extraction stair, an absorption well is designed. Terahertz range quantum well infrared photodetector rero. Fast detector of the ellipticity of infrared and terahertz radiation based on hgte quantum well structures s. We report a fast, room temperature detection scheme for the polarization ellipticity of laser radiation, with a bandwidth that stretches from the infrared to the terahertz range. We describe the concept and experimental progress of the quantum well intrasubband photodetector qwisp, which is closely related to the quantum well infrared photodetector qwip, but uses the dopantassisted intrasubband absorption mechanism in quantum wells for normalincidence far infrared terahertz radiation detection. However, the development of technologies in the thz spectrum or the very far infrared region has been slow mainly because of the lack of convenient detectors and. Terahertz range quantum well infrared photodetector appl. An algaas emitterbased terahertz heiwip detector, which has a threshold of 128. Computed tomography using a terahertz quantum cascade laser and quantum well photo detector article pdf available in journal of optics 1510. Terahertz twophoton quantum well infrared photodetector. Development of components for cost effective terahertz.
Pdf we report on the progress of devices and applications of quantumwell. By utilising the algebraic reconstruction technique for image reconstruction, both the external and internal structures of the crosssection are revealed. At temperatures below 30 k, backgroundlimited infrared performance blip is. Tunneling quantum dot infrared photodetectors tqdips for terahertz detection. Soref sensors directorate, afrlsnhc, air force research laboratory, hanscom air force base, massachusetts 01731. Well infrared photo detectors qwip have been shown to be a valid solution to. Optimization of terahertz absorption in periodic quantum well structures zahra javidi1. Qwbased infrared detector for thz radiation was a photovoltaic device. Hgcdte is the most studied semiconductor material for ir detectors and it is the standard against which all of other ir photon detectors are matched against. Threedimensional imaging with terahertz quantum cascade. Journal of infrared, millimeter, and terahertz waves. Magnetic field tunable terahertz quantum well infrared. Terahertz quantum well infrared detectors sciencedirect.
Harrison imp, school of electronic and electrical engineering, the university of leeds, ls2 9jt united kingdom r. Well infrared photodetectors qwip have been shown to be a valid solution to. Many applications are expected in the terahertz spectral region and terahertz technology is viewed as one of the most important ones in the coming decade. Pdf device and application of quantum well photodetectors for. The design and projected performance of quantumwell infrared photodetectors qwip for the terahertz 110 thz or the veryfarinfrared region are presented. In the terahertz range low energy signal the limiting point is dark current. Responsivity of quantum well infrared photodetectors at terahertz detection wavelengths m.
Our main purpose in terahertz detection is reduction of the dark current which is done by converting the incoming terahertz ir signal to shortwavelength or visible probe optical field through eit phenomena. Gaasal,gaas quantum well photo detectors qwps operating in terahertz band were realized by liu et al. This has been proven by different types of quantum well infrared photodetectors qwips. It is found that the reflection gratings could effectively couple the thz waves normally incident to the device. Frequency upconversion photontype terahertz imager. Midinfrared quantum cascade detectors for applications in. It contains a complete overhaul of the contents including several new chapters and a new section on terahertz detectors and systems. This new edition of infrared and terahertz detectors provides a comprehensive overview of infrared and terahertz detector technology, from fundamental science to materials and fabrication techniques.
We believe that the combination of a semiconductor emitter thzqcl and a semiconductor detector array thzqwip is a good choice for developing a costeffective measurement system for a given terahertz range from 1. Here we demonstrate the first fast semiconductorbased terahertz quantum well photodetectors by carefully designing the device structure and. Turnkey compact high temperature terahertz quantum cascade lasers. Osa imaging with a terahertz quantum cascade laser. Quantum well infrared photodetectors an overview sciencedirect. High temperature terahertz response in a ptype quantum. It is demonstrated that the terahertz quantum well photodetector can extract the terahertz light modulated with frequency as. A reflection imaging system based on the terahertz quantum well photodetector is presented. Terahertz range quantum well infrared photodetector. This new optoelectronic source of coherent terahertz radiation allows building a compact imaging system with a large dynamic range and high spatial resolution. We measured the following performance characteristics. Among the photon detectors, the semiconductorbased ones are used to detect radiation in the visible and thz. Terahertz semiconductor quantum well photodetectors.
This experiment demonstrates that the quantum well photodetector is potentially useful for reflection imaging applications. This chapter discusses the principle, simulation and design method, and device performance of terahertz semiconductor quantum well photodetectors thz qwps. Gaas quantum well infrared detectors grown on 3 inch gaas. Krishna3 1department of physics and astronomy, georgia state university, atlanta, georgia 30303, usa 2key laboratory of arti.
Field effect transistors for terahertz detection and. With the remarkable development of terahertz quantum cascadelasers qcls recently, thz quantum well photo detectors thz qwps have attracted great interest due to their potential use in fast, compact, and integrated thz application systems. We demonstrate biomedical imaging using a terahertz quantum cascade laser. Pdf we demonstrate a high performance gaasalgaasbased. Patch antenna terahertz photodetectors aip publishing. Terahertz quantum well photodetectors ieee journals. We have demonstrated the operation of a frontsideilluminated gaasalgaas quantum well photodetector based on intersubband absorption in a quantum well qw with a targeted peak frequency of 3 thz. We compare the quantum well intrasubband photodetector qwisp to the firthz quantum well infrared photodetector qwip and heterojunction internal photoemission. A multiple quantum well structure consists of 20 periods of 18 nm qws interleaved by 80 nm barriers with an al alloy content of 2%. Distinct regions of brain tissue rich in fat, proteins, and fluidfilled cavities are resolved showing the. Quantum well infrared photodetectors physics and applications. Far infrared and terahertz quantum well intrasubband. This work was supported by cnrs through the anr project teragan and the gdre project semiconductor sources and detectors of terahertz frequencies.
Terahertz range quantum well infrared photodetector article pdf available in applied physics letters 844. Terahertz quantum well detectors based on qcllike superlattice. Performance of terahertz quantumwell photodetectors. Request pdf terahertz twophoton quantum well infrared photodetector a twophoton detector based on intersubband transitions in gaasalgaas quantum wells operating in the terahertz regime. Thz qwps are the wavelength extension of quantum well infrared photo detectors qwips. Terahertz quantum well photodetectors with reflection. Photon quantum detectors are widely used for the detection of radiation in different spectral rangesfrom the uv to highfrequency thz. Pyroelectric quantum well infrared detectors homojunction devices.
However, unlike ir qwp technology, thz qwp is far from mature and the performance needs substantial improvements. We describe a new device concept for far infrared fir terahertz thz radiation detection based on the use of dopantassisted intrasubband absorption mechanism in quantum wells. Computed tomography using a terahertz quantum cascade. The device consists of two elements, one in front of the other, that detect the polarization ellipticity and the azimuthal angle of the ellipse. Terahertz asymmetric quantum well infrared photodetector. We present an imaging system based on a terahertz thz quantum well photodetector qwp. A threedimensional 3d terahertz thz computed tomography system with a thz quantum cascade laser as the source and a quantum well photodetector as the receiver is demonstrated. Terahertz frontsideilluminated quantumwell photodetector. High temperature terahertz response in a ptype quantum dotin well photodetector seyoum wolde,1 yanfeng lao,1 a. Osa midinfraredpumped quantum cascade structure for. The iterative algorithm not only reduces the projections. Wasilewskibackgroundlimited terahertz quantum well photodetector. Terahertz quantum well photodetectors qwps represent a new and emerging photontype detector in a terahertz region. Terahertz quantum well infrared detectors request pdf.
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